Tools
Interactive tools for learning how Wi-Fi works, from how bits become a radio wave to how stations share the air. Everything runs in your browser.
Wi-Fi Modulation Simulator
See how bits become a radio wave: each constellation point sets the amplitude and phase of the carrier. Add noise to see why dense modulations need a clean signal.
Open the simulator →Free Space Path Loss
How much a Wi-Fi signal weakens with distance, and why. Move the receiver away, double the distance, and see the inverse square law and the frequency's effect on the loss.
Open the calculator →MCS Index
Data rates for every 802.11n, ac, ax and be MCS with up to four streams. See how each rate is calculated, or find the MCS behind a device's link rate.
Open the MCS Index →802.11 Medium Access Simulator
Watch stations defer, count down, collide, retry and transmit on a shared channel, one microsecond at a time.
Open the simulator →